Only Words Essays (867 words) - Anti-pornography Feminism

Only Words Constitutionally protected speech that is Clearly sexual abuse is discriminating and unconstitutional, therefore, must be restricted speech. Catherine A. MacKinnon, in her book "Only Words" gives persuading evidence that pornography subordinates women as a group through sexual abuse. She says "Protecting pornography means protecting sexual abuse as speech, at the same time that both pornography and it's protection have deprived women of speech, especially speech against pornography (MacKinnon, 9). MacKinnon argues this bye explaining defamation and discrimination, racial and sexual harassment, and equality and speech. Women are sexually abused for the making of pornography. Torture, rape, hot wax dripping over nipples, and murdering women are the tools to produce a product of evil. Literature is the description of these crimes against humanity (emphasized) and cameras are proof of these crimes. On the assumption that words have only a referential relation to reality, pornography is defended as only words-even when it is pictures women had to directly used to make, even when the means of writing are women's bodies, even when a women is destroyed in order to say it or show it or because it was said or shown. (MacKinnon, 12) However, assuming words are only a partial relation to reality would mean we would have to reconsider what reality is. Our wedding vows such as "I do" would be meaningless and a jury could never return a verdict that is only partial to reality. These words are "treated as the institutions and practices they constitute, rather than as expressions of the idea they embody" (Mackinnon, 13) Therefore, if these words of pornography are only words, don't they institutionalize rape? Since pornography is rape on women. Pornography is protected by the First Amendment as free speech, but why? Because the pornographic materials are construed as ideas, and the First Amendment protects ideas. Pornography is commonly brushed of as some product of fantasy for those who buy it. But what about the women who were tortured to make it. Also it is brushed off as simulated. This means that the pain and hurt the women are feeling is just acting. Put a little music and a smile here and there to cover up the pain, and you are portraying to and giving pure pleasure for those who buy the product. Just like fantasizing a death, how do you simulate a death? But discarding pornography as a representation is the most frequent excuse. But how can a murder be justified on terms of representation? (MacKinnon, 27,28) . When one fantasizes about murdering another person, this is premeditation of murder. If he were to express this idea, he would be heard as expressing a threat and penalized. For the obvious reason, publications that are "how to" guides on murdering people are not protected speech. I believe Pornography is the catalyst for premeditation of rape. Pornography flicks are "how to" guides for rape. So why are they legal? His idea is protected, and further more is his threat of "I'm gonna *censored* her", because both are seen as fantasy, but why isn't murder seen as fantasy? Murder is the loss of ones life, but so is pornography when women have been killed to produce it. Pornography is proven to be addicted. When somebody is addicted to premeditating rape, it's only a matter of time before his addiction of premeditation becomes a solid plan. Sexual or racial harassment has been suggested to only be made illegal if only directed at an individual and not a group. "The idea seems to be that injury to one person is legally actionalble, but the same injury to thousands of people is protected speech". (MacKinnon, 51) This would be disparate impact which involves "employment practices that are facially neutral in their treatment of different groups, but that, in fact, fall more harshly on one group than another and cannot be justified by business necessity." (Lindgren & Taub,167) Pornography is disparate impact on women, because of the sexual abuse, and ironically the disparate impact seems to be the business necessity. Under Title Seven's disparate impact treatment concept, pornography is illegal. ( I just have to prove it now) Also, is there not reasonable "harm" (Wolgast, 432, Fem Juris) for a women to visit a place where men are watching a porno and premeditating her rape? Is she not infringed on her First Amendment right to congregate with equal respect. The idea of pornography (pre meditated rape) does not allow her respect. It does not allow respect for women as a whole, living among men as a whole, who have

Classic education and universities. A road to survival

Classic education and universities. A road to survival Is traditional university losing its grip? The idea of a research university became obvious when Prussian college professor, Wilhelm von Humboldt, proposed a new system, which had to deal with student’s personal experience rather than boring lectures. In the meantime, empirical learning grew to be popular among his younger colleagues, causing Humboldt to expand his strategy and place all his hopes and dreams on the role of research in an institution. Instead of usual academic writing, students were given the task to develop their own approach to educational methods and choose what’s best for them, based on the system of simple observation. Individual projects were presented weekly, and Humboldt could witness an increasing progress in the student’s thinking. Apart from that, he revolutionized the understanding of a university as a public institution. Before that, teachers were mainly focused on the works of ancient authors and considered tradition to be the best learning method and source. Copying the canon was a usual practice, and students summarized what was previously said with the help of their professors. Nothing was left to the learners and their experimental values. Later, in the 1950s, universities in the UK and North America were largely influenced by the teaching models, borrowed from Humboldt. Research centers opened across the country, and students flooded colleges to establish their own projects and become educated academically. With the enhancement of the typical teaching-only model of learning, though, these tendencies vanished into thin air, and lecture theatres became popular once again. There are institutions where face-to-face delivery still remains the norm, while other forms of interaction between a teacher and a student are considered to be ineffective, but generally, online communication wins the hearts of students as the time goes. Campus-less establishments So, what do all these tendencies mean at the end of the day? Will classic universities close and give way to a more modernized system of education, involving online delivery and campus-less teaching? We cannot say for sure, but there have been numerous expressions of gratitude from students, who had an experience in online learning. They were allowed to equal educational facilities and high class diplomas, whereas in other cases the tuition fees would be too unaffordable to handle. Some teachers claim, however, that you should pay your price for using online resources and neglecting the traditional, overcrowded lecture room. With the development of digital learning, we start to forget the empirical experience seminars provides on a daily basis, and regular news updates keep us away from vital information, necessary for successful learning. In the meantime, blog writers and students, who are too focused on using apps for their classes instead of actual listening, are in great danger. They may lose their connection with reality and an ability to evaluate material, based on the source and structure. This is a tendency that is not uncommon among younger learners with their dedication to tweeting and scrolling through the news on Facebook. One may wonder whether the same students will comprehend given information and analyze it according to the teacher’s learning scheme. Unfortunately, most of them have a short attention span, which does not help in case one needs to use a clear and focused approach. Tweeting a sentence differs greatly from making notes on your own, and teacher-student communication cannot be replaced by online resources, no matter how good or mind-blowing the strategy is. The truth about colleges and universities remains the same these days: you have to combine online communication with the real one, and develop a strong sense of academic-led dialogue, where digital sources act as background information. The main values of the traditional institutions have not changed, and we cherish research and analytical thinking as core principles of learning in college.

African Commonwealth Nations

African Commonwealth Nations The following alphabetical list gives the date at which each African Country joined the Commonwealth of Nations as an independent state. The majority of African countries joined as Commonwealth Realms, later converting to Commonwealth Republics. Two countries, Lesotho and Swaziland, joined as Kingdoms. British Somaliland (which joined with Italian Somaliland five days after gaining independence in 1960 to form Somalia), and Anglo-British Sudan (which became a republic in 1956) did not become members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Egypt, which had been part of the Empire until 1922, has never shown an interest in becoming a member. African Commonwealth Nations Botswana, 30 September 1966 as a RepublicCameroon, 11 November 1995 as a RepublicThe Gambia, 18 February 1965 as a Realm- became a Republic on 24 April 1970Ghana, 6 March 1957 as a Realm- became a Republic 1 July 1960Kenya, 12 December 1963 as a Realm- became a Republic on 12 December 1964Lesotho, 4 October 1966 as a KingdomMalawi, 6 July 1964 as a Realm- became a Republic on 6 July 1966Mauritius, 12 March 1968 as a realm- became a Republic on 12 March 1992Mozambique, 12 December 1995 as a RepublicNamibia, 21 March 1990 as a republicNigeria, 1 October 1960 as a Realm- became a Republic on 1 October 1963 – suspended between 11 November 1995 and 29 May 1999Rwanda, 28 November 2009 as a RepublicSeychelles, 29 June 1976 as a RepublicSierra Leone, 27 April 1961 as a Realm- became a Republic 19 April 1971South Africa, 3 December 1931 as a Realm- withdrew on becoming a Republic on 31 May 1961, rejoined 1 June 1994Swaziland, 6 September 1968 as a KingdomTanganyika, 9 December 1961 as a Realm- became Republic of Tanganyika on 9 December 1962, United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 26 April 1964, and United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964. Uganda, 9 October 1962 as a Realm- became a Republic on 9 October 1963Zambia, 24 October 1964 as a RepublicZimbabwe, 18 April 1980 as a Republic- suspended on 19 March 2002, departed on 8 December 2003

Incarceration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Incarceration - Essay Example Although prisons traditionally are deemed as rehabilitative units to correct and deter criminality, these penal institutions are doing the reverse: producing confirmed criminals incompetent to integrate into mainstream society. Prison conditions, prison populations and prison rates display the tragic terror of the public unable to reform felons. The private prison system is a growing industry which is nourished by tax payers dollars. Petty criminals are incarcerated with the tough and hardened criminals. This situation results in the violence being reproduced in both younger and inexperienced inmates. The deplorable conditions of the prisons are justified. Gross human rights abuses take place within the cells. Prisoners are beaten, fed unhealthy food, subjected to unsanitary rooms and sometimes, confined, and transported to prison quarters away from their home states, away from family support but far from their criminal networks. The imbalance in the races represented in prison only reflects the partiality of the justice system where judges sentence criminals based on their ethnicity or nationality. Incarceration rates describe the ratio of how many prisoners per population of 100,000 are committed to penitentiary institutions. The United States boasts the highest incarceration rate in the world: 753 per 100,000 people as at 2008. This ratio represents a 240 percent increase since 1980. This ratio means that 3.5% of the U.S. adult population is behind bars. Compared to the U.S, the rest of the world have much lower incarceration rates for example, Russia holds the second place with 629 per 100,000; Rwanda with 593 per 100,000 and Cuba with 531 per 100,000. Compare these numbers with Australia 134, Canada 116, England 153 and Japan 63 (Schmitt 2010).    The United States leads the list in incarceration rates because of the privatized prison system. The federal and state penitentiaries employ the facilities of private owners; therefore making imprisonment a mon ey-making business. In 2008, federal, state, and local prison institutions demanded $75 billion to keep supporting its inmate population. Criminologists observe that if  prisoners convicted of non-violent crimes were not incarcerated, prison costs would be reduced to $16.9 billion per year. Another reason for America's mass imprisonment is the discriminatory conviction of prisoners belonging to certain races, particularly Blacks and Hispanics which together make up about three-quarters of the prison population. The trend of longer prison terms for minor crimes also is a factor contributing to mass imprisonment.   The prison system is a system which systematically disenfranchises inmates, stripping from poor minorities a key right. As a result, a section of the population remains voiceless. The implications here become more political since in inner city constituents the residents cannot cast their vote and decide on government or even run for office. The exploitation in prison al so enriches the prison institution owners who take unfair advantage of the labor of inmates. Inmates are usually paid about 23 cents per hour-minimum wage law does not apply and is not enforced in prisons.

Current Market Conditions Analysis competitive Analysis Essay

Current Market Conditions Analysis competitive Analysis - Essay Example The relationship between the amount of labour and capital employed with regards to the law of diminishing productivity helps management in various ways. The management can be able to alter levels of various inputs in a bid to adjust productivity usually upwards. The main issue that faces management can be deciding what the best level of input is to maximize profit as opposed to maximizing production. As firms vary the number of workers in a bid to vary labour, the addition of more workers strains the small work space and tools. This ultimately leads to down slope in the marginal product of labour. Since land and Capital are the only fixed factors of production, labour would be the only factor varied here. The most substantial effects of the diminishing marginal returns for a company can be its effect on the cost of production. Productivity of labour gets determined by the variable cost of labour. When productivity of a worker goes up the cost of production goes down but when a firm goes through diminishing marginal returns, the productivity goes down. The cost of extra units also begins to raise this, therefore, results in low profits. (Becker 2007) Although making profit may be the key goal for many firms, finding the best way to maximize profits without altering so many inputs in production can be important. Analyzing the best mix of the factors of production varying labour will eventually lead to maximum profits and opportunities for firms. Analyzing primary competitors’ production strategies can also help in evaluating the best way to handle

Target Corporation Essay Example for Free

Target Corporation Essay Target Corporation is one of America’s biggest corporations according to Fortune 500. Target is a retailer that operates general merchandise and food discount stores. Being one of the biggest and one of the leading retailers in the America, Target enjoys a strong market position to promote market opportunities and adds to their bargaining power. Here are the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis of Target Corporation. Strengths 1. Advance technology increased customer preference for Internet shopping. 2. Target Corporation continues to expand by announcing their plan to open more stores in Chicago, Seattle, and Los Angeles. 3. Target Corporation is the second biggest concession retailer in United States. 4. Target Bulls eye logo is recognize by Ninety-seven percent of American consumers. 5. Target is the leading gift card seller than any other retailer in the United States. 6. Target is opening 220 stores in Canada, which is the first international expansion. Weakness 1. Target stores do not sell firearms and tobacco products. 2. Target settled to decrease their transactions on all supplies having polyvinyl chloride. 3. Target Corporation received criticism and controversy from members of the gay and lesbian community for their donations to anti-gay groups. 4. Negative publicity in 2004, when Target decided to block Salvation Army from seeking donations at its stores. 5. Target Corporation does not have the advantage competitively due to higher prices than other retailers do. Opportunities 1. Corporation ranked at number 38 in Fortune 500 as of 2012 (Fortune, 2012). 2. Target ranked number 64 on Corporate Responsibility Magazine list of 100 Best Corporate Citizens (CRM, 2012). 3. Target ranked number 25 on Fortune magazine list of World’s Most Admired Companies (Fortune, 2012). 4. Target received a score of 100 from The Human Rights Campaign on its 2013 Corporate Equality Index (Human, 2012). 5. Target ranked number 30 on DiversityInc magazine list of Top 50 Companies for Diversity (DiversityInc, 2012). 6. Target ranked 28 in America’s Top 50 Organizations for Multicultural Business Opportunities by DiversityBusiness.com (DiversityBusiness, 2012). 7. Target ranked number 22 on Forbes magazine and the Reputation Institute list of America’s Most Reputable Companies (Smith, 2012). 8. Universum ranked Target number 38 on its Ideal Employer List as surveyed by American MBAs, and number 28 as surveyed by American undergraduates (Light, 2012). 9. Target r anked among the 2012 Best Companies for Hourly Workers by Working Mother Media (Working, 2012). 10. The National Conference on Citizenship and Points of Light, in partnership with Bloomberg LP, ranked Target number 16 on the first comprehensive ranking of the Civic 50 (Bloomberg, 2012). 11. Newsweek magazine ranked Target number 85 out of 500 on its U.S. Green Rankings 2012 (Newsweek, 2012). 12. Target scored an 87 B on the 2012 Carbon Disclosure Project SP 500 Report, an increase over 2011 ranking score of 77 C (Carbon, 2012). 13. Target named to the 2012 Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) World Index (Dow, 2012). 14. Target named a member of the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce 2012 Million Dollar Club for its commitment to supplier diversity and Hispanic Business Enterprises (USHCC, 2012). 15. Target named as one of the World’s Most Ethical Companies by Ethisphere Institute (Ethisphere, 2012). 16. Target named as one of the Top Corporation for Women’s Business Enterprises by The Women’s Business Enterprise National Council (WBENC, 2012). 17. Regaining of overall economy is worthy opportunity for Target Corporation because it will surge requirement for the products. Threats 1. Target Corporation competing with Wal-Mart, Kmart, and other retailers. 2. The Attorney General and 20 California District Attorneys filed a claim in Alameda County claiming that Target has been unlawfully dumping hazardous wastes in landfill on June 2009. 3. Customer perception that Target Corporation products are more costly than other retailers. The strengths and opportunities are the most relevant parts of SWOT analysis that make investors invest in Target Corporation. On January 13, 2011, Target declared its first international expansion into Canada and it makes the investors to be excited for the opportunities for this corporation to do well internationally. Additionally, Target Corporations continue to be recognized, rank, and awarded by different magazines and association for being one of the best companies in the United States. Those recognitions and awards make the corporation more valuable and that value of the company and their name has marketing importance that give them staying power for years to come (Target, 2012). Stakeholders are groups of people who have an interest in a company or business organization. Internal stakeholders are those members of the business organization such as owners, managers, staffs, and employees. However, external stakeholders are not part of the company such as customers, suppliers, community, and government. Every internal stakeholder has their own needs and hoping that the company can provide or fulfill their need. For many owners, their business in their biggest asset and owner will protect it to secure his/her financial future. For bigger corporation like Target, they make sure they follow the national and local law to avoid lawsuit and bad publicity. Shareholder is an individual that own shares of stock in the company therefore they have right to vote on decision about the organization. Shareholder primary need is to increase the value of their stocks and improve their value in the company by buying more stocks to have bigger influence on the decision within the company. Managers and employees needs are almost the same. They need job security with benefits, good pay, health insurance, and flexibility. In addition, the most important needs for all internal stakeholders is profit because this is the driving force that control the future of the company and can provide all of the them their personal needs. External stakeholder needs are different from the internal stakeholder since internal stakeholder is the one providing and fulfilling to satisfy external stakeholder needs. Customers are the most important stakeholders because they are the only reason that we have business like Target Corporation. Customers have so many needs that managers and employees trying to provide to them as much as they can. Customer needs are friendly representative, discount prices, quality of products, professionalism, and outstanding customer services. Supplier most important needs are to have a good business relationship with the corporations because it gives them stability on their own organization. Community needs is to improve their own community for creating job, charity organization and by increasing the value of their community. Target Corporation can provide it to them since they can create thousands of jobs in the community and donating funds to different organizations within local communities. Government needs from Target Corporation is for them to support the community by providing jobs, donations to charities and most of all is for the company to follow the government policies and regulations. Target Corporation in the most parts fulfilled most if not all of the stakeholder needs. Target Corporation is one of the biggest and successful companies in United States so the owners and shareholders needs of profits, stability, and financial security are easily meets. For managers and employees, the company provided them flexibility, health benefits, retirement plan, life insurance, vacation, discount such as 10% for member and childcare, disability coverage, training and development resources, career planning and option for group legal plan. For community stakeholder, Target Corporation provided 5% of Target’s profit to local communities. They have partnership with community organization such as Diversity Best Practices, The Executive Leadership Council, Hispanic Association on Corporate Responsibility and NAACP. In addition, they encouraged their team member to volunteer their time, expertise, and talents to support the community projects. For government stakeholder, Target Corporation has a strong partnership with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to support disaster efforts. They also have safety and preparedness partnership to other government service such as Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, and American Red Cross. For supplier stakeholder, they actively engage with diverse supplier to support all section of the company. In addition, they develop diverse supplier relationships with Women’s Business Enterprise National Council, United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, N ational Minority Supplier Development Council, National Gay and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce, and National Veteran Owned Business Association. For customer who is the most important stakeholder, Target Corporation provides them quality products, outstanding service, competitive price, number of selection, best values, and convenience shopping. For the most part, Target Corporation meets stakeholder needs. I am sure they are few people think that their needs are not met or satisfied the way they want it but you cannot satisfy everybody. The important thing is Target Corporation continues to look on how they can improve to support their stakeholder. They continue to launch customer satisfaction survey, ask their employees, and work with the government and communities to improve their company relationship with stakeholders and this is how Target Corporation can fulfill the need of stakeholder. Target Corporation continues to make improvements to remain the number two retailer stores in the country. Target financial performances are doing great and continue to progress every year. Reports show Target Corporation’s revenue stay in an upward trend regardless of the world’s economy. Additionally, reports also show sales increasing in an upward trend year to year (Target, 2012). By reviewing Target Corporation financial report, I learned that this company should continue to improve for the next five year. Target Corporation bought the leaseholds for up to 220 stores in Canada for their first international expansion. This expansion will improve their sales, revenue and can help them compete with their main competitors: Walmart and Costco. The only concern for Target Corporation is their competition with Walmart and Costco since both company make bigger net sales the last four years. Target Corporation management can use their financial report to compare them with Walmart and Costco to analyze the best way to compete with them. On comparing Target, Walmart, and Costco, Walmart is the largest retailer in the country and it generated more than three time s the combined revenue of both Target and Costco. See figure 1 for Target Corporation, figure 2 for Walmart Corporation, and figure 3 for Costco Corporation’s historical financial reports. Target Corporation technologies compare to Walmart and Costco is about the same. I do not see any advantages between these three retailers concerning technologies. This globalization influenced the company business strategies since Costco and Walmart are having success outside the country. Target Corporation finally expanded internationally due to their main competitor, and to compete with them, they have to expand outside the country. Benchmarking is a process of comparing an organization performance to other organization using objective and subjective criteria. The process compares organizations to those in the industry reviewing its status to use as standard in their own company. Target, Walmart and Costco are three of the top retailers in industries in best practices, operational processes and procedures, and products ranked by reputable magazine and community organization every year. Being ranked in world’s most admired companies, top 50 companies for diversity, America’s most reputable companies, and many more recognition demonstrated that thi s three companies are the benchmark for their industry. The recent economic trends are influencing the business from traversing from enormous changes in global politics to the blasting existence of social media and online technology into our everyday lives. Through all of this, nevertheless, business must go on, but it is not business as usual. The importance of customer has never more important than it is today. With the influx of computer technology, customer worldwide knows what is accessible in the market to buy and how to locate it online at the lowest cost. Through this power has come the capability to form markets, and express the products they want. Advertisements, information sharing, and recognizing the importance of personalized search were some of the strategies the company has used for adapting to changing markets. With the rise of Internet and a population that gradually analyses world travel as just another part of life, online search become the most powerful tool (McClimans, 2011). Target Corporation has implemented tactics to achieve their strategic goals by going international and opening new stores (CityTarget) aimed at the urban market. Target Corporations procured the leaseholds for up to 220 stores in Canada and CityTarget are established to open in Chicago, Seattle, New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, Oregon, Puerto Rico, and Charlotte (Target, 2012). The tactics Target used by expanding their corporation will help them compete with their competitors to meet the consumers demand. Target Corporation can also implement pricing and marketing strategy to achieve their strategic goals. Pricing strategy does not always means lowering price to gain industry dominance, but that is the obvious choice. Using low price tactics presenting rebates, special sales and discount with inexpensive financing and delayed payment. Marketing strategy seeks to target specific consumers with messages that are most likely to draw their attention. It involves seasonal advertising and special promotions as tactics to achieve their goals (Duff, 2012). The role of human resource management plays in helping the company achieve its business goals has change from the conventional hire and fire to a planned manager at the table with operations, finance, and other business focuses that are not centers of profits for the company. Human resource must ensure that its practice, processes, and policies supplement the organizational strategies. Human resource management should understand the business strategy by developing mission statement that relate to the employees, conduct a SWOT analysis, develop consequences and solutions, and evaluation of action plans. Some of the human resource management functions are to handle rewards and compensation certain roles and positions in order to boost performance echelons. Recruitment is another important mission including the selection and retention of employees. Additionally, human resource management balancing the employees and organizations expectations to associated business success and to satisfied employees needs (King, 2012). Target Corporations is one of the biggest, reputable and profitable company in United States so if I have the opportunity to invest with them, I will without hesitation. Target Corporation continues to rise and make significant profits year after year. Figure 1 shows Target’s financial history for the last five years and by looking at it, the trends will likely continue to do well in the future. In conclusion, Target is the second largest discount retailer in the country, second only to Walmart. It has proven its successfulness through the number of stores domestic and internationally, and through the figures of net sales, net income, and free cash flow. Target Corporation logo is recognize by over ninety-seven percent of consumers in United States. In addition, Target Corporation is devoted to promoting diversity and committed to community by donating five percent of profits to charities while encouraging their employees to volunteer in the community projects. Target Corporation continues to expand by going internationally and opening new stores CityTarget in urban areas. Target is growing and bringing new customers as it expands. Target Corporation understands their markets, and this giving them the edge to grow and compete with Walmart in the future. References Bloomberg BusinessWeek. (2012). Civics lesson. Retrieved from http://images.businessweek.com/slideshows/2012-11-08/civics-lessons CR’s Magazine. (2012). 100 Best Corporate Citizens. Retrieved from http://www.thecro.com/files/100Best2012_List_3.8.pdf Carbon Disclosure Project. (2012). Carbon reductions generate positive ROI. Retrieved from https://www.cdproject.net/en-US/Pages/HomePage.aspx Costco Wholesale. (2012). Home. Retrieved from http://www.costco.com DiversityBusiness.com. (2012). Top 50 organizations for multicultural business opportunities. Retrieved from http://www.diversitybusiness.com/news/supplierdiversity/45201282.asp DiversityInc. (2012). Top 50 companies for Diversity. Retrieved from http://www.diversityinc.com/target/ Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes. (2012). Annual review 2012. Retrieved from http://www.sustainability-indexes.com/review/annual-review-2012.jsp Duff, V. (2012). What are business tactics and strategies? Chron. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness .chron.com/business-tactics-strategies-5148.html Ethisphere. (2012). 2012 world’s most ethical companies. Retrieved from http://www.ethisphere.com/wme/ Fortune Magazine. (2012). World’s most admired companies. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/most-admired/ Human Rights Campaign. (2012). Corporate equality index. Retrieved from http://www.hrc.org/corporate-equality-index/#.ULdSJKUWFFI King, W. (2012). What role does human resource management play in a business? Ezine Articles. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?What-Role-Does-Human-Resource-Management-Play-In-A-Business?id=563848 Light, J. (2012). Ideal employer list. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703512404576208702115862760.html?mod=WSJ_Careers_CareerJournal_4 McClimans, F. (2011). 5 trends influencing

Salem Witchcraft Trials in The Crucible by Arthur Miller :: The Crucible Arthur Miller Witchcraft Essays

Salem Witchcraft Trials in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Throughout society and throughout literature, vulnerable communities under certain conditions can be easily taken advantage of by a person or group of people presumed innocent. In the play, â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, there are three main factors that allowed the girls fallacious stories to be believed: Salem’s flawed court system, its lack of diversity in beliefs and religion, and the lack of a strong leader in the town. Although Abigail and the girls initiated the accusations, the responsibility lies with the entire community. It was the deterioration of Salem's social structure that precipitated the murders of many innocent people. The church, legal system and the togetherness of the community fell just to protect social status. Salem’s flawed court system was chiefly responsible. Under their courts, denial was considered a terrible sin. The narrow mindedness of the court possessed an unwritten law that if a name was brought out within the court, without any questioning, that person was presumed guilty. In this system, innocence is not taken into consideration, and the court is convinced they are right only if the victim confesses. There is no hearing for the victim, and even if they are truly innocent, they are only left with two options: They have the choice of denial, which will lead to their execution; or confessing, which gets them thrown into jail. To prove that all these people were actually guilty also played a part in lengthening the tragedy. Herrick, Cheever and Danforth are all full of their own importance and strictness of the court. They ask question after question to each victim until the defendant breaks down and confesses to save their life. Hale, a person who was brought in from out of town to ward off the evil spirits, began to realize the victims’ innocence towards the end. However, he knew the strictness of the court: â€Å"Though our hearts break, we cannot flinch, these are new times.† Another contributing factor was the fact that everyone in the town had the same beliefs. The fact that they were isolated from all other groups of people with different beliefs created a church-led Puritan society that was unable to handle change. The reputation of a family was very important to the members of the community. When the girls were caught dancing in the woods, they lied to protect not just themselves but the reputation of their families.